citations

Citations

“I would like to thank you for working on the English-language edition of The Erotic. It has taken me a long time to getting around to writing this email, but that only means it is long overdue. I'm a master's student at Cambridge in intellectual history, but a year ago at this time I was working away madly on my undergraduate dissertation on Lou Andreas-Salomé, and your introduction to the book, as well as Professor Del Nevo's intelligent forward, were enormously helpful to me. First because (maybe you feel the same way) there is so much strange and even ideological work on Andreas-Salomé, and the analysis was a breath of fresh air from that: complex and respectful of her without ever idolizing her (or, as so many works do, turning her into a femme fatale --yawn-worthy!). Second, the work made me think a great deal about Andreas-Salomé's place in intellectual history, and helped me find more connections to trace in my own research. Third, of course, stumbling through the book in German would probably not have allowed me to fully understand the work as well as I did (however much I may still be missing!) So simply--thank you. I learned a lot, and happily the thesis did well too and won an award. One day I hope to grow the thesis-seed into a book about Andreas-Salomé. She is so very under-appreciated. One thing from your introduction struck me: the discussion of which man was Andreas-Salomé's first [physical] lover. In my archive research I found a series of frantic letters by Pfeiffer attempting to learn from Ellen Delp if there was anything credible in the abortion rumors that Peters had published. Pfeiffer clearly seems to have believed that Rilke was Andreas-Salomé's first lover, and wrote to Delp: Entsinnen Sie sich dessen noch oder wieder? Übrigens wurde diese Begründung für das Nicht-ausreifen der „Frucht” durchaus vereinbar sein mit einer operativen Unterbrechung zu vereinen wäre. –Die Daten habe ich übrigens ziemlich genau aus Lous Tagebuchern, vorhandenen bzw, nicht mehr vorhandenen Notizen ermitteln können, nachdem ich den Schock einigermaßen überwunden hatte. Es ist völlig klar, dass nicht Zemek oder gar jener Russe der erste „Mann“ von Lou gewesen ist, sondern –wie sie es selbst auch andeutet- Rilke. Der Spezialist Peters hat sich vergriffen. (Please excuse any transcription errors.) Of course, I do not think it is actually necessary either to trust everything Pfeiffer said about Andreas-Salomé--or to assume Andreas-Salomé always told him the truth about things. After all, like so many people writing about her, Pfeiffer can be quite nosy about her sex life whilst also polemic at times, and she may have been reserved or coy when speaking to Pfeiffer about kisses with Nietzsche, as you note. But in any case, if you wanted to hear more of the rousing gossip from the early 20th-century or so, there's what I've read. Thank you again for your work on Andreas-Salomé! I look forward to reading the next forthcoming bit, the Letters to a Young Boy. - Sarah Stein Lubrano. 20/02/2014

"Dear Gary, At the RCN Research Conference we have a prize each day for ‘the paper you will still be talking about in 12 months time’. I haven’t stopped talking about your paper since NPNR and I suspect still will be a year hence. You kindly agreed to forward a copy of your paper to anyone who got in touch. I would be very grateful if you would so that my colleague Ian Hulatt can appreciate why I think it was such a landmark paper". Dr Ann McMahon, Research & Innovation Adviser, Learning and Development Institute, Royal College of Nursing. Oct 11th 2011.

Thesis citation: Lou Andreas-Salome, Thesis 2010. Trinity College Dublin. Cites: Winship (1999): Lou Andreas-Salome - At the High Noon of Culture… Marion Byrne, 2010.

Seminar: Tavistock Seminar September 13th 2010, Alyson Lawson presented theoretical perspective on: Winship (1995) Nursing & Psychoanalysis & Psychoanalysis. Info: APP Newsletter, Summer 2010. P17

"Re: Your Lord of the Flies Trial ( in the teaching session was simply wonderful! The novel pedagogy was extremely refreshing and I can only imagine that the students gained a great deal in both preparing for a mock trial of fictional characters, the opportunity to present cases and in considering the parameters of human judgement in relation to available and questionable evidence". Professor Paul Crawford, Health Humanities. (26.02.2010).

"The forensic module finished today. Once again, the feedback for your session was the best across the whole module". Dave Wilson, Modular Leader: MA in forensic practice, School of Nursing. (26.02.2010).

"My name is R P, and I am currently a graduate student at the George Washington University in Washington, D.C., completing a certificate in political psychology. I came across the title your journal article "The Transgenerational Impact of Cultural Trauma: Linking Phenomena in Treatment of Third Generation Survivors of the Holocaust" (Winship & Knowles, 1997) while researching the "third-generation phenomenon" that I read about in the book 14-18: Understanding the Great War. This phenomenon caught my attention because I am studying political psychology, to which I believe this phenomenon must be fundamentally related, but also because I myself am a third generation survivor of the Holocaust. I cannot quite explain how this part of my history has affected me, but I know that it has. I have been wondering about it for quite some time now, but I could not give it a name until I very recently encountered this concept". Email communication: 26.02.2010

Winship, G. (1999) Addiction, death and the liver in mind: the Prometheus syndrome. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 13/1, 41-49. Weegman, M (2009) Psychodynamics in groups or psychodynamic groups? in Hill, R.G & Harris, J. (2010). (Eds.). Principles and Practice of Group Work in Addictions. London: Routledge.

Winship, G (2006) Further thoughts on the process of restraint. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2006 Feb;13(1):55-60 - Ranked 3rd for top JPMHN articles downloaded on Blackwell's Synergy (Nov 2006-Nov 2007). Blackwell's publishing (publishers report 2007).

Dust Cover quote for: Goings On - complitation of poetry of mental health service users (2007).

Nursing and psychoanalysis—Uneasy alliances (Winship, G, 1995) Philippe Ployé (2006) In-patient psychotherapy and prenatal regression. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 22: 4.

Nursing and psychoanalysis—Uneasy alliances? (Winship, G). Irwin, R (2006) Thirty years of psychosexual nursing, Page 1. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, - Taylor & Francis,

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL, AI Index: ACT 84/004/2006. Summary, AI reports & statements, Death Penalty, HIV/AIDS, Prisoners, Right to health, Torture, Awards, Publications. ref: Winship G. Further thoughts on the process of restraint. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2006 Feb;13(1):55-60. (2006) Amensety International Bulletin 9, 4: 17.

"An illustration of psychoanalytic concepts in cognitive behavioural terms...A cognitive behavioural cycle for understanding how clients' and nurses' emotions, cognitions and behaviours may influence each other...Knowledge about countertransference when working with people who self-injure may reduce nurses' negative thoughts and behaviours, may result in improved client care. Pembroke (1996) discussed her own experiences of contact with health services, showing how the way that nurses responded to her influenced the way in which she perceived herself: sometimes the depth of feelings aroused provoked further self-harm. We therefore argue that, with an appropriately challenging and supportive approach, both parties may benefit. Indeed, recognizing countertransference in nurses has led to a reported improvement in client care (Winship, 1995)". Rayner,G C; Allen, S L & Johnson, M (2005) Countertransference and self-injury: a cognitive behavioural cycle Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50, 1: 12 -19.

"The prominence clinical supervision has gained in nursing makes it imperative that we understand what makes meetings helpful to nurses or otherwise. The literature suggests that in order to be effective, group work must be carefully planned. Nurses in this study found aspects of group work anxiety invoking and took time to trust and settle into the group task because of personal concerns. Perhaps reflecting Bion's (1961) ideas concerning flights from anxiety, managing group dynamics effectively brought benefits to all concerned. The group had previously worked together in the clinical setting. Nevertheless, initial interactions suggested that psychological and social defences were preventing group members from sharing experiences openly. This reflects several authors' observations in the literature review concerning group dynamics (Fabricius 1991; Griffiths 1999; Winship & Hardy 1999)". Jones, A (2005) Group-format clinical supervision for hospice nurses. European Journal of Cancer Care. On Line.

"I was therefore interested to read a paper by Gary Winship entitled 'Addiction, Death, and the Liver in Mind' (Winship 1999), in which he considers the aspects of the pathological processes within addictions. What I find particularly of interest is that he extends Bion's ideas, of the processing of protomental activity and the need for a thinking other (mother or analyst) in order to digest formative experiences, to a bodily level of experience. Gary Winship is postulating that the bodily organs, for example the liver, also process sensation and experience generated from 'inter-sensual (from external sources) or intra-sensual (the emerging sensation of bodily function)' and that these 'provide a protomental template for new experience' (p. 45). He goes on to say, 'If we consider that in this formative environment there is a fundamental interlace of emergent biological and psychological process, then might we not consider that organ functioning and bodily sensory experience conjoin in shaping mentation?' (p. 45). What I take from this is that just as Bion (1967) speaks of the need of the alpha function to process beta elements mentally so the bodily organs need to process the equivalent of the beta elements and make sense of them through alpha functioning in terms of how to process and deal with them i.e., differentiate and mediate at a physical level. In this sense we need to think of the bodily organs as part of the protomental apparatus because the response of the body organs also shapes experience and presumably therefore mental functioning". Driver, C (2005) An under-active or over-active internal world?: An exploration of parallel dynamics within psyche and soma, and the difficulty of internal regulation, in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 50, 2: 155-173.

"There has been concern for many years that individualized community mental health in the UK may be insensitive to the beliefs and values of certain socio-cultural groups (Winship, 1998, Leighton 2002, 2004) and that it may be politically instrumental. To establish a new rehabilitation unit which would ensure appropriate referrals, introduce genuine rehabilitation therapies, minimize service user over-dependence and raise staff morale through meaningful rehabilitation activity. This was intended to re-establish social involvement and normalization as the key components of mental health rehabilitation, and to remotivate staff with serious and progressive rehabilitation work. This decision followed a wide literature review of the philosophies/models available, group experience on the unit, and the resultant rejection of many new and traditional approaches which were considered counterproductive for the patient group envisaged at the facility. The steering group concluded from the review that an effective rehabilitation mental health facility should reflect the basic principles of 'community' in its philosophy, objectives and interventions (Winship, 1998)". Leighton, K (2005) Action research: the revision of services at one mental health rehabilitation unit in the north of England. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 12, 3: 372-379.

"...democratic ideologies have been marginalised by new alliances of power groups and the negative effects of labelling social censure and stereotyping (Sumner, 1988; Winship, 1998). Winship (1998) has commented: "Therapeutic Individualism has ridden in tandem with the influencing political climate and can be found particularly within the last fifteen years in the Britain, which has been dominated by the politics of free market individualism. Individualism has come to represent a philosophy and psychology of 'self'" (p.271)". Leighton, K (2005) Transcultural nursing: the relationship between individualist ideology and individualised mental health care. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 12: 85-94.

"Research in a TC context might include the following areas: explorations of therapeutic process in different contexts (Winship, 2004)". Morant, N & Manning, N (2005) Principles & practices in therapeutic community research. The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, 26, 3: 227-243)

"Recognising feelings that may influence the course of relationships in both positive and negative ways seems an important nursing task...Subsequently, supervision and sensitivity groups, which accommodate thinking carefully about nursing relationships, could have something to contribute, in that they can offer a space away from the work setting to think about the complexities of professional relationships (Winship & Hardy, 1999)". Jones, A (2004) Transference and countertransference. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 40, 1: 13-19.

"Commentary on the democratic origins of the term 'Group-Analysis' by Gary Winship". Verdecchia, A (2004), Group Analysis, 37, 4: 556-557. (This commentary is on line - 'papers on line' & follow links to Sage see also my response to Verdecchia's criticisms).

"However, evidence suggests that management of aggressive incidents still relies on control and restraint, pro re nata (prn) medication, seclusion and nurse training focusing on containment rather than preventative measures (Gentle 1996; Winship 1998). The nurses identified the advanced skills required in close-observation areas as therapeutic engagement, assessment, risk assessment, communication, de-escalation, and managing the milieu. This is consistent with the literature (Winship 1998). O'Brien, L & Cole, R (2004) Mental health nursing practice in acute psychiatric close-observation areas. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 13, 2: 89-99

"This paper (Winship, 2003) is historically interesting and I would not want to dispute the importance of exploring the link between group analysis and the democratic process" - Craib, I (2003) Commentary on paper by Gary Winship, Group Analysis, 36, 1: 52-53. (This commentary is on line - papers on line' & follow links to Sage)

"Control and restraint training has been identified as a strategy for preventing and minimizing assaultive behaviour although research indicates that the focus of this training remains on containment and not on preventative measures (Winship, 1998). Louise O'Brien & Rose Cole (2003) Close-observation areas in acute psychiatric units: A literature review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 12: 3, 165-176

Alternatively, writers such as Winship (1998) argue that cognitive, behavioural and biological approaches can appear to be defensive attempts at 'keeping the patient at a distance', whilst an understanding of the psychodynamic approach allows nurses to acknowledge how a patient's psychopathology may affect their own unconscious and therefore their interaction with certain clients. Crowhurst, N & Bowers, L (2002) Philosophy, care and treatment on the psychiatric intensive care unit: themes, trends and future practice. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 9, 6: 689-696

"This study was particularly concerned with the way in which conventional individualist-materialist culture might infuse psychiatric nursing care with a number of values and beliefs, effectively robbing it of any valid claims to objectivity, liberalism or non-judgementalism, and providing the context for clinical conflict and rejection (Winship 1998). Leighton, K (2002) A sociological study of bed blocking in psychiatric rehabilitation units. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 9, 4: 447-451

". . . have also been published (Feather and Bissell 1979, Price and Chalker 2000, Winship & Hardy 1999, Sloan et al 2000). In group supervision, (Winship G & Hardy S (1999)". Sloan G, Watson H (2002) Clinical supervision models for nursing: structure, research and limitations. Nursing Standard. 17, 4, 41-46.

"Some of the reasons given for the use and abuse of drugs/substances include availability of the substance, personal characteristics of the abuser, properties of the drug, and 4social pressure (Gelder et al. 1994). Wagman (1997) added 5the degree of vulnerability, family background, including disorganized family, unhappy childhood and history of mental illness in the family as other reasons for the use and abuse of drugs. Many people are said to use drugs continually because they want a pleasurable change in their state of mind. This pleasurable change may range from a mild `lift' to a `high', which is euphoria. Many people start experimenting on drugs for thrill, as an expression of rebellion, or because their friends use drugs. Others turn to drugs to escape depression or other personal problems, including dif®culties with their schoolwork, job or family (The World Book Encyclopedia 1993). Therefore, drug use/abuse becomes `the means to a type of psychic retreat from reality' (Winship & Unwin 1997)". AL-KANDARI F.H., YACOUB K. & OMU F. Initiation factors for substance abuse (2001) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(1), 78-85

"This is an article that bears serious reading and examination. It describes an experiment at least three and a half years in the making (the author spent two years in infant observation training - the 'control'; and 18 months in a 'group-analytic infant observation' - the 'experiment'). What makes this paper important is the description of a methodology and the setting which the author employed to make his observations and test his theories. The merits and implications of this methodology are obvious. Certainly, the author presents a persuasive case for observing babies in groups. I agree wholeheartedly with infant observation in a group-as-a-whole and clearly see its value in the training of group practitioners and for deepening group and social theory. I appreciate the author's effort to find a methodology and a setting, and for conceptualizing the work. His is a logical and coherent presentation of the concept and I feel that it is important that such work be brought to the forefront of infant observation training and supervision". Stella Acquarone (2001) Social from Birth: A Commentary on and Response to Article by Gary Winship (2001). Group Analysis, 34, 2: 253-266. (This commentary is on line - see CV, homepage 'papers on line' & follow links to Sage)

"The ability for empathy and understanding is a process whereby negative feelings are incorporated by the nurse and they are returned after being 'digested' and perhaps 'detoxified' (Winship, 1999) - We might say the nurse has the task of digesting the raw material of the patient's psychosis through the process of empathy. The nurse then returns the thoughts to the patient in a smaller dose of manageable thought (Winship, 1995)" - Teising, M (2000) 'Sister I am going crazy, help me': psychodynamic-orientated care in psychotic patients in in-patient treatment. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 7: 449-454.

"A number of authors when writing about clinical supervision have employed Winnicott's notion of 'holding' to suggest features of the supervisory relationship in the context of nursing and health visiting. Winship's (1995; p228) account of clinical supervision with nurses working with acutely disturbed patients suggests that for mental health nurses to 'hold the patient in their distress' they need some form of supervisory holding in order that they may process their subjective experience". - Rafferty, M (2000) A conceptual model for clinical supervision in nursing and health visiting based upon Winnicott's theory of parent-infant relationship. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 7: 153-161.

"The concept of totality, says Winship in his recent and powerful essay, is indeed "the key to the paper and I would suggest that the totality that Lou Andreas-Salome refers to might be read as '(m)other environment'" [1999, p231] in his paper Winship convincingly argues that Andreas-Salome's work has been overlooked and that it is ready for a full reconsideration (1999, p233). But the question is not, as this author claims, whether her work must 'step out of the modest shadow of its creator to take up its place in illuminating the history of ideas in psychoanalysis' (p233). Foregrounding her work accentuating her individual and above all independent position entails the same attributional error that all of her readers have fallen into." - Bos, J (2000) Shared life narratives in the work of Lou Andreas-Salome. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 81: 471-481.

"Winship & Hardy (1999) have highlighted the role that groups can play in clinical supervision". - Stevenson, C & Jackson, B (2000) Egalitarian consultation meetings: an alternative to received wisdom about clinical supervision in psychiatric nursing practice. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 7: 491-504.

Working with groups has been a very important aspect of psychiatric nursing. Wards which were embracing dynamic psychological theory conducted group therapy with small groups of patients as well as, or instead of, individual therapeutic sessions with the psychiatrist. In wards based on social therapy small group meetings and ward meetings, followed by post mortem discussions, were the essence of daily living. Even in wards where physical treatment was predominantly practised, group meetings were considered useful adjuncts to managerial endeavour. Psychiatric nurses had to acquire the necessary skills and they also saw their right to conduct groups as a measure of prestige and as an extension of their role. Winship & Hardy's (1999) paper reflects an important aspect of my own work with patients and students. The perceived importance of group therapy may have changed with the move of patients into the community, but the usefulness of small group teaching has, I think been well established. How it can be maintained in practice in the large lecture theatres of Universities, I do not know. I welcome further attempts to study the work of psychiatric nurses. Annie Altschul (1999). Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 6, 4: 261-263.

"Gary Winship has observed, correctly in my view, that it is only recently that a psychoanalytic approach has been articulated in the teaching of nurses (Winship, 1995). The nursing literature that addresses psychoanalytic themes is limited indeed. The earliest Cassel hospital, 'Psychosocial Nursing'- was compiled as attribute to Tom Main, the medical director off the Cassel. This tribute, of itself, may well help us understand the nature of the relationship between nursing and psychoanalysis, and why it has taken so long for nursing to establish any identity with the broad church of psychoanalysis. . .Gary Winship teases out some of the psychoanalytic influences within the family tree of nursing. As he observed it is possible to trace the development of psychoanalysis within psychiatry from the beginning of this century. However, judging how and when psychoanalytic influences were felt in British nursing is difficult if not impossible. The situation is clearly a reflection of the paucity of literature, as Winship noted. Indeed, it is not until the early 1970s, when Eileen Skellern moved to the Maudsley, and built on her experience of working with Maxwell Jones at the Henderson Hospital, that a psychodynamic, if not entirely psychoanalytic approach to psychiatric nursing appeared to emerge with any clarity. The outcome of Skellern's influence is only now beginning to be reported, and Winship's recent work summarises some important source references." - Barker, P (1999) Chapter 1 in: The Philosophy & Practice of Psychiatric Nursing. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh. [p10-11].

"A Growing body of literature suggests the possible diversity of psychotherapeutic roles and functions which might be fulfilled by nurses providing that they receive appropriate training and clinical supervision (Beeber, 1994, Winship, 1997)". - Barker, P (1999) Chapter 10: The nurse's psychotherapeutic role in caring for people with psychosis. In: The Philosophy & Practice of Psychiatric Nursing. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh. [p177].

"The issue of whether patients have a personal voice within the hospital and, when they do, in which way can it be amplified and how can its areas of influence can be expanded. This question is formulated within a wider debate about the way health care professionals and our society in general, deal with the concept of patient empowerment, and how this theory can be translated into practice (Winship, 1995)". - Drahorad, C; Frances & Sue (1999) Reflections on being a patient in a therapeutic community. Therapeutic Communities, 20, 3: 195-215.

"To avoid burnout, nurses can reduce the stress of dealing with moral and ethical problems while maintaining their integrity. Effects of clinical supervision are related to whether it is implemented on an individual basis (one-to-one) or in a group, which has the added dimension of 'sharing' experiences with peers (Winship, 1995). In group supervision there is a possibility to 'share' experiences and express thoughts and feelings from daily work. Nurses attending clinical supervision showed a lower score on the factor perceived anxiety in the work environment questionnaire. This finding is in agreement with earlier studies on effects of clinical supervision showing that the possibility of 'sharing' affects the nurses' feelings of security and increases courage". Severinsson, K & Kamaker, R (1999) Clinical nursing supervision in the workplace effects on moral stress and job satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Management 7, 2: 81-90.

"The decline in TCs and the change in their organisational structures and cultures have been linked to changes in the macro socio-politico and economic systems (Winship, 1995). . .the TC is either viewed as a microcosm that reflects a changing society or as a social and political protest movement. Taking the former perspective Winship (1995) contests that egalitarian principles and the notion of the 'collective' do not sit comfortably with the concept of free market individualism as espoused by the Thatcher and Conservative Governments". - Cameron, D (1999) Pathological organisations, catastrophic change and psychological birth: the psychodynamic development of a therapeutic community in Northern Ireland. Therapeutic Communities, 20, 3: 217-230.

"The use of psychodynamic principles, especially for meeting the needs of people with serious forms of mental illness continues to develop (Winship, 1995a; Lego, 1996). . . those who recognise the importance of search for meaning and the complex processes involved know that the relationship between psychoanalysis and nursing is an uneasy one (O'Toole & Welt, 1989; Winship, 1995a; 1995b)" - Barker, P (1998) Psychodynamic psychotherapy in nursing. Nursing Times, 94, 2 54-56.

As previously noted, there is universal agreement among authors about the value of recognizing countertransference. The advantages that are noted, include improved nursing care of the patient (Winship, 1995). Exploration of countertransference may help lead the nurse to a deeper understanding of the nurse-patient communication and interaction (Winship, 1995). Several authors advocate the use of group supervision rather than individual supervision to facilitate exploration of countertransference (Gallop, 1985; Bonniver, 1992; Winship, 1995). The process of identifying countertransference reactions may be hindered if the nurse has feelings toward the patient which make her uncomfortable, such as disgust or aversion, or alternatively, sexual attraction. This may lead the nurse to deny or repress these unwanted emotions. A group can provide support and relief from the belief that the nurse is alone in having these feelings. Also, the work of uncovering the complicated patient-staff dynamics is helped because 'many heads are better than one' (Winship, 1995). O'kelly, G (1998) Countertransference in the nurse-patient relationship: a review of the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28, 2: 391-397.

"More recently the Association of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy in the NHS (APP) has established a nursing sub-division. This organises regular seminars that explore the application of psychoanalytic and psychodynamic ideas to nursing practice as well as a national conference. Yet at the time of writing it might be appropriate to concur with Winship (1995 p289) in his review of the relationship between psychoanalysis and nursing, when he suggests; 'the relationship between psychoanalysis and nursing is far from well defined, and for the most part, psychoanalytic ideas are perceived with some antipathy by the majority of nurses'. . . Winship (1995; p295) points out that Peplau maintained, then and now, 'it is the nurse herself who is the agent of change for a patient rather than the mechanism or type of therapy'." - Griffiths, P & Leach, G (1998) Psychosocial nursing: a model learnt from experience. Chapter in: Face to Face Distress. The Professional Use of Self in Psychosocial Care. Edited by Barnes, E; Griffiths, P; Ord & Wells, D. Butterworth Heinmann. Oxford.

"A growing number of nurses in the UK are using psychoanalytic ideas in their work. Many have completed full psychotherapy training and seek to incorporate elements of both nursing and psychotherapy in their practices . . . this paper is written from the perspective of work within the National Health Service, the current employer in some form of all UK nurse psychotherapists (Winship, 1997)". Harrison, K (1998) Sibling rivalry in nursing and the role of the nurse psychotherapist. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 34, 4: 32-37.

". . . the respective contributions made by Peplau - and her British counterpart Annie Altschul - to the developments of interests and expertise in the therapeutic use of the nurse-patient relationship (Winship, 1997)". Barker, P (1998) The future of the theory of interpersonal relations? A personal reflection on Peplau's legacy. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 5; 213-220.

Ref: (Winship1995a; 1995b)" - Vardy, A & Price, A (1998) The utilization of Peplau's theory of nursing in working with a male survivor of sexual abuse. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 5: 149-151.

"Related work (e.g. Main 1957, Stockwell 1974, Kelly & May, 1982) also points towards nurses' attempts to defend them against this unbearable anxiety by using more primitive 'projective' and 'splitting' mechanisms through which through which certain patients become objectified and thereafter are used by nurses to manage their own disturbed feelings (Evans 1995, Winship 1995, Winship, et al. 1995)". Scanlon, C & Weir, W S (1997) Learning from practice? Mental health nurses' perceptions and experiences of clinical supervision. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26: 295-303.

"Winship (1995) describes the introduction of condoms into a DDU. Even though it had been demonstrated that the client group were risk transmissible agents (HIV, Hepatitis) through unsafe sexual practice, the introduction of condoms was not without problems and challenges. The proposal met with resistance from the staff for two reasons. First, they feared that having condoms available would generate sexual arousal among clients and lead to increased sexual activity. Secondly, the policy of the unit was that sexual relations between clients was not permitted and therefore the availability of condoms sent out a mixed message. Condoms were initially kept in the staff office and only brought out for education sessions or if clients asked for them. Because of concerns that clients were too embarrassed by having to negotiate this restricted access, they were eventually placed in the male and female toilets. Winship emphasised the need to frame the introduction within a wider health education programme. Despite the initial fears of the staff, the recorded incidence of sexual intercourse involving patients was lower in the year following the initiative than in the previous year when condoms were not available. This correlates with research findings evaluating sex education in school (Health Edcuation Authority, 1994). Less positively, Winship reports that on the last three occasions of clients having sex before his article was published, none reported using condoms". - Firn, S (1997) Key issues in sexual health. Chapter xxii in: Stuart & Sundeen's Mental Health Nursing. Edited by Thomas, B; Cutting, P & Hardy, S. Mosby. London.

"Much psychological disturbance can arise from the unconscious processes of working closely with patients in the nurse-patient relationship. Winship (1995) offers an explanation for this suggesting that the nurse internalises the patient's distress believing it be the nurse's own". - Cutting, P & Hardy, S (1997) Therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. Chapter iii in: Stuart & Sundeen's Mental Health Nursing. Edited by Thomas, B; Hardy, S & Cutting, P. Mosby. London.